Saturday, 11 November 2017
A Position Paper Addressing Issues In Papua New Guinea's Economy
Today, Papua New Guinea's economy is nothing to write home about. With a GDP rank of 115th position(nominal), Papua new guinea(PNG) is the poorest country in the Asia-pacific region. Apart from poverty, inequality has also spread like wildfire across the country, making PNG an ironical write-off for most investors. However, radical solutions can still be proffered to the economy backwardness in PNG. This forms the main thrust of this paper. Nevertheless,in proffering these radical solutions, this paper will be divided into three segments.
A- Implementing the Addis Ababa action-
After colonizing PNG for several decades, the Australian government announced its high priority for the country. Australia's aid program in PNG, is Australia's largest single aid investment globally. In other words, the Australian government places high level of priority in partnering with PNG. Orchestrated by the African Union,(formerly called Organization of African unity), in March 2016, PNG and Australia signed the "PNG-Australia aid partnership arrangement 2016-2017." This arrangement was signed in view of delivering effective and efficient aid. In other words, the Australian government became fully aware that reducing poverty and pursuing sustainable growth in PNG, is beneficial to both countries. In the light of this, a special committee assigned to look into the issue, came out with several recommendations:
After colonizing PNG for several decades, the Australian government announced its high priority for the country. Australia's aid program in PNG, is Australia's largest single aid investment globally. In other words, the Australian government places high level of priority in partnering with PNG. Orchestrated by the African Union,(formerly called Organization of African unity), in March 2016, PNG and Australia signed the "PNG-Australia aid partnership arrangement 2016-2017." This arrangement was signed in view of delivering effective and efficient aid. In other words, the Australian government became fully aware that reducing poverty and pursuing sustainable growth in PNG, is beneficial to both countries. In the light of this, a special committee assigned to look into the issue, came out with several recommendations:
1-"The committee recommends that the Australian government reverse funding cuts made to the PNG aid budget as part of a broader commitment to progressively increase Australia's official development assistance to 0.5 per cent of gross national income(GNI) by 2025."
2- "The committee recommends that the australian government reassess the priorities of the aid program in the context of the PNG government's recent budgetary cuts to education, health and infrastructure."
3- "The committee recommends that the objectives of the Australian aid program to PNG, explicitly include inclusive and equitable outcomes in development."
4- "The committee recommends that the key policy documents of the Australian aid program to PNG articulate how development objectives align with sustainable development goals."
5- "The committee recommends that the Australian aid program to PNG include increased support for non-government organisations, civil societies and churches delivering assistance to rural and remote communities."
6- "The committee recommends that the Australian government conduct an assessment of the impact of the closure of the Manus island regional processing center on development activities."
2- "The committee recommends that the australian government reassess the priorities of the aid program in the context of the PNG government's recent budgetary cuts to education, health and infrastructure."
3- "The committee recommends that the objectives of the Australian aid program to PNG, explicitly include inclusive and equitable outcomes in development."
4- "The committee recommends that the key policy documents of the Australian aid program to PNG articulate how development objectives align with sustainable development goals."
5- "The committee recommends that the Australian aid program to PNG include increased support for non-government organisations, civil societies and churches delivering assistance to rural and remote communities."
6- "The committee recommends that the Australian government conduct an assessment of the impact of the closure of the Manus island regional processing center on development activities."
It is quite unfortunate that the PNG's economy is highly dependent on imports. PNG's economy is largely dominated by two sectors: The agricultural sector and the industrial extraction sector. However, to fully understand the economy of PNG, it is expedient to
GDP ranks-115th (nominal), 130th (PPP)
GDP growth- 8.5%
GDP by sector- Agriculture: 29.9%, Industry: 37.6%, Services: 32.4%
Population below poverty line- 39.9%
Public debt- $5.296 billion (2011)
Revenues- $4.168 billion (2011)
Unemployment rate- 1.9%(2008)
GDP growth- 8.5%
GDP by sector- Agriculture: 29.9%, Industry: 37.6%, Services: 32.4%
Population below poverty line- 39.9%
Public debt- $5.296 billion (2011)
Revenues- $4.168 billion (2011)
Unemployment rate- 1.9%(2008)
Having a concise and careful look at this statistics, it is plainly obvious that PNG economy is not buoyant enough, in spite of her rich natural resources. Poverty has become a way of life for Pauper Guineans. In spite of the country's rich agricultural and natural resources(palm oil,crude oil, copper, gold, cocoa), the poverty rate of 39.9%, is quite alarming. However from the statistics above, we can see that PNG economy is more of importing than exporting. Hence the economy crisis in the country. Given this fact, if PNG economy must become buoyant again, the country must improve on her exporting rate by promoting agriculture, the green economy.
C- Designing effective policies and institutions to reduce inequality-
On June 8 2016, 8 students were shot by the police and 23 students were injured during a violent protest at the University of Papua New Guinea(UPNG) in the capital city of Port Moresby. The protesters were clamouring for the resignation of PNG's Prime Minister, Peter O'Neil, over corruption allegations. The incessant protests were triggered by a number of issues like the Police anti-corruption unit and the Prime Minister's refusal to be investigated.
On June 8 2016, 8 students were shot by the police and 23 students were injured during a violent protest at the University of Papua New Guinea(UPNG) in the capital city of Port Moresby. The protesters were clamouring for the resignation of PNG's Prime Minister, Peter O'Neil, over corruption allegations. The incessant protests were triggered by a number of issues like the Police anti-corruption unit and the Prime Minister's refusal to be investigated.
Another issue is the influx of foreign investment and resource development, that has only benefited the wealthy class of Papua Guineans. Thus creating inequality in the country. To reduce this issue of inequality in the country, several measures must be put in place. First, the government must effectively make sure that foreign-owned companies, sell shares to indigenous Guineans. Second, the government should also establish empowerment schemes, bent on sensitizing youths on the prospects and gains of the green economy. When these policies and institutional schemes have been established, an iota of buoyancy will become evident in PNG economy.
The Light of Enthusiasm Is Gone As Depression Takes Over
Most will know what happens at such a time. They started something in the past that drew them along with such enthusiasm that little else mattered. Their dreams were set in stone and the driving force so strong they could not imagine anything going wrong. But then something happens and it crumbles down around them. Their dreams are suddenly gone with their lives turned into muck.
Desperation and despair follows. Without a goal they flounder in their misery. They wallow in self-pity. They grab for a thread of anything that might pull them out. No matter how hard they try, however, every string that might release them breaks. What do they do?
Millions are in this situation globally and there is little hope for change. Jobs are scarce and almost impossible to find, especially for those over 45 years of age. Industries are retracting and work-forces shrinking. Robots and artificial intelligence is replacing the human brain and hands-on requirements in manufacturing.
Even those with degrees in specialised areas are finding little relief from the decline. Some with doctorates are joining the homeless on the streets. Many are taking their lives and those who survive are frantic with stress and worry.
The world is in its death throes and none can change it. The over-population of countries and the lack of compassion of governments to wards their citizens is not helping. The financial situation on a global scale is dire and while many prefer not to tune into the news they remain in the dark.
Those who are caught in such places where war is fought or poverty too hard to survive are fleeing and exporting their problems into the richer corners of societies where they are bleeding the host nations dry. There is a general lack of enthusiasm throughout.
The problem is that God is fed up with most of humanity. The prophecies state that at this time Divine anger, and retaliation will strike. While man has ignored the Universal Spir
Money is man's invention for power and control. It is the ruination of the planet because it takes from nature and destroys the environment. Those who gain the most usually cheat and lie to do it. They take without giving back and they abuse their fellow man in the process.
Even they, however, are suffering the lack of enthusiasm they once felt because the rot is gaining momentum from the roots up. The pressure to produce depends on an economy that was put in place by Constantine, the Roman Emperor, who also established the Catholic Church. Rulers after him have upheld his work and supported the false images and dreams he presented.
"And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name." Revelation 13:17
Following my reincarnation and with commissions received from the Spirit to remove the wall of confusion and deceit this was shown to me. In large capital letters that stood in the air before my face were the words CONSTANTINE IS 666.
Years of research and teaching followed and everything the Spirit showed me has now come to light. The depth of despair the world is suffering is because of his work and the deceit of those who followed to alter and cement in place the lies. Corruption, confusion, magic, and loss of Spirit is resulting in the final onslaught and the impending disaster of the last days.
Depression hangs over the world as the Spirit promised. The world of 666 is coming to an end and all who supported him in life will be gone, along with his systems and the World Order that stands on his foundation.
National Economic Reform's: Department Of Economic Development
Not since FDR has the United States been faced with the enormity of rebuilding America's economy and infrastructure. Today our economy as well as the nations infrastructure is putting this nations security and stability in grave danger. Our economy today is already on the verge of falling into the abyss by factors very reminiscent of the events that led to the Great Depression of the 1930's. And, yes another housing bubble like the one we just had in 2008 is poised to burst. But, you wouldn't know it the way Trump is citing his most illustrious accomplishments and of course the media is right behind with their bogus reporting of the unemployment numbers. What we are faced with today is that the United States is still woefully unprepared to handle any financial calamity.To top it off our "Wizards" on capital hill and Trump in the White House continue to be oblivious to the calamity of either a infrastructure disaster or the continued economic woes that are keeping millions of American's languishing in financial devastation would do to this nation.
All ready in practically every city across the country there is a Department Of Economic Development. The primary focus of this department is to generate more business growth within their respective city. In doing so more tax revenue would flow into these cities to support the mandated public services that are now required by law. Without business growth as in so many instances today all across the country city budget shortfalls only exasperate an ongoing economic domino effect of financial hardship for all. There are many factors that have to be implemented to secure business growth to increase and expand the tax base within each city all across the country. Without more educational venues offered, accessible reliable public transportation available, affordable decent housing and all the other logistics that make it not only conducive but productive for business development in cities and towns business growth will continue to decline. The tax base will be put on the burden of the home owner which only creates more economic hardships for all.
When The Department Of Commerce and Labor was created back 1903 and subsequently consolidated in 1913 into the Department of Commerce the only time that that agency has managed to spur real economic growth was through the intervention of FDR. The numerous public works projects that FDR implemented facilitated Americas victory in World War II and propelled the United States to it's greatest economic expansion following the War through to the end of the 1960's. What has happened since are a number of policy changes that have undermined the economic and financial opportunities of so many millions of Americans. Consequently, we have inadvertently created the greatest wealth disparity gap in history, lost almost all of our manufacturing capabilities, and reduced the middle class to almost extinction. All this with the fact that our educational levels have plummeted so that the United States isn't even on the radar sort of speaking in global educational standards. In essence our graduates are are not fully prepared for whatever jobs that are available today.
Now, when the economic calamity from 2008 financial crisis hit the fallout is still keeping the United States economy stagnant at best. Just a few years ago the Hostess Corporation closed so many bakeries they laid off over 18,000 employees just in time for the holidays. In Florida of that same year over 2,000 state workers suffered the same fate. Today, the retail industry is dying forcing more people onto the unemployment lines. With Trump in the White House and our Republican led Congress have done actually nothing to spark a rejuvenation in employment numbers. The media still fails to tell the truth about the sad fact that unemployment and underemployment have decimated our nations ability to prosper. This is another reason why there is so much agitation especially within the Black community. In every city and town across the country the African American unemployment rate is more than triple that of what the media is reporting.
The reality has yet to hit home to our elected officials to the true crisis in the country. The lack of opportunity for millions of Americans to be able to earn a living wage is staggering. And, yet too many officials really have turned a blind eye to what is really going on. When we have riots in the streets instead of workers in factories, or behind counters, or in so many other occupations is a tell tale sign that governmental policies for the past 40 years have undermined the American workers ability to prosper. When we have CEO's raking in huge exorbitant salaries and corporate profits at record levels while the rest of us languish with starvation wages or worse yet having to rely on meager unemployment benefits that don't last creates a tempest that is only exasperated by our elected officials failure to implement policies that would propel the United States into brighter and more secure future. What we have today is that our Republican led Governors, members of Congress, as well as our infamous President can't quite grasp what they have done and continue to do by not ushering policies that actually put more Americans back to work with living wages much like what FDR did.
From all indications since the election it is quite apparent that those in Washington still, like so many Republicans, can't grasp the reality facing millions of Americans today. The Department of Commerce has done some semblance of trying to reassemble economic growth but this Administration still does not have a definitive plan of direction both short and long term that would effectively curtail the events like the ones that unfolded when the Hostess Corporation closed it's doors. It is time to restructure the Department of Commerce and re institute an expanded Economic Development Administration so that the Department of Commerce would now become The Department Of Economic Development and incorporate all essential posts that would felicitate economic and financial growth across the country.
Currently there are too many duplications in practically every cabinet post where much needed resources are now being diverted from reaching the areas that need it most. It is quite apparent that steps have to be taken to reform and consolidate especially the current Department of Commerce so that the resources actually will go where they will do the most good. This includes placing the emphasis on Economic Development with a major emphasis on equalizing our trade deficit, investing in infrastructure restoration, securing our energy grid, focus on reducing the unemployment numbers especially in African American communities and establishing living wage standards all across the country. Not just raising the federal minimum wage either.
When most think of our trade deficit many question why China is cornering the market? In practically every shelf in practically every store across the country there are so many items that really are made in China. But, that doesn't show the bigger picture. When in reality it is not all those imports. Sure, they contribute much to our lack of manufacturing jobs but what else is curtailing our economic growth is right here in the United States? Education for one thing.Today's educational levels hare a far cry from what the US had back in the 1950 through the 1960's. The standards in education have made high school graduates not being able to compete for the jobs that are available today. Education of our youth and young adults is vital in turning the tide toward improving the unemployment numbers.
In order to answer why China is gaining economically we have to take a close look at our imports which have for the past 40 years have been far exceeding our exports. Not to mention what NAFTA continues to do in regards to our loss of overall productivity. We have to remember that right after NAFTA was signed in 1993 our job losses were staggering and the effect is still being felt today. Today, our whole economic scenario is almost on the same parallel as the 2008 housing crisis. The pervasive attitude among too many CEO's forget what Henry Ford did so many decades ago. He strengthened the middle class while today's CEO's have only weakened the middle class to the point of almost no return. A recent
What the Department of Economic Development has to do is address our trade agreements and reinforce not on free trade but equal trade along with putting higher tariffs on goods coming in from China, Mexico, Canada and even Germany to name a few. This along with coordinating with other cabinet departments on a unified plan of Direction using National Economic Reform as the guide to implement changes, concepts, and policies that will in fact create the environment that is conducive for more business growth. This along with creating economic opportunities that should be available to every single American. Another sad reality of today is the fact thousands of Americans have already left the country for other countries just because the economic opportunities are more plentiful outside the United States. When people find financial and economic roadblocks right here in America where the land of opportunity has shut it's doors in so many faces is a travesty that has to be immediately rectified.
The job at hand for the Department Of Economic Development is to expand the tax base all across the country. Work with all other agencies and Departments primarily the Department of Education to retool our educational standards to equip our youth and young adults with the knowledge and the tools necessary so that they can become employable in the jobs of the 21st century. This Department is mandated to rebuild our infrastructure, roads, bridges, schools, and other buildings that poise a threat to the safety of all. To work with the Department of Energy to update our energy grid to the highest standards necessary so that no amount of catastrophe will render the United States defenseless by being without energy sources to power our country. This department is mandated to work with the EPA to improve water and air qualities so that every community is furnished with enough clean fresh water so that another episode of what happened and is happening in Flint Michigan will never happen again any where in the United States. The jobs are enormous but to ignore the realities facing our country today put the United States and the rest of the world in jeopardy. These are the purposes and goals of the United States Department of Economic Development.
Sunday, 29 October 2017
Waste Water Treatment Processes and Benefits
In urban settings, wastewater treatment comes under the authority of the Public Works Department which is entrusted with the management of solid waste, sewage treatment including human waste, storm water drainage etc. Wastewater treatment plants in these areas treat wastewater as well as the byproducts or effluents from the wastewater treatment like sewage sludge, grit and screenings. Here it is mostly wastewater from households and industries and the treatment is referred to as 'sewage treatment' although in many cities the sewer lines also carry large amounts of industrial effluents to the sewage treatment plants in addition to storm water also.
Hence, sewage treatment primarily comprises the process of removing contaminants through a combination of physical, biological and chemical processes and ensure that the end product is environmentally safe treated water that is suitable for land uses. Most wastewater treatment plants are 'centralized systems' with a vast extensive network of aerobic treatment systems, bio-filters and septic tanks.
The term 'wastewater treatment' has in many countries today replaced the term 'sewage treatment'. In the developed world, wastewater treatment plants treat mainly wastewater from residential areas and business places. Wastewater from industrial and manufacturing plants, refineries etc. is treated onsite through infrastructure and facilities to ensure that the effluents are treated before release into local environments. Hence the processes are very complex. The first stages can see the wastewater being used to cool machines and boile
Primary processes of wastewater treatment
Wastewater treatment processes involve several steps, chief among them are the following:
1. Collection of wastewater at a central point or plant
2. Odor control by use of chemicals to neutralize foul smells
3. Screening process, which involves removal of large waste objects - e.g. broken bottles, diapers, nappies, plastics, sanitary items etc. that can cause damage to machinery and cause environmental damage.
4. Primary treatment process which involves separating macrobiotic waste solids from the wastewater. The solids which collect on the surface of large tanks are removed and pumped out for further treatment.
5. Secondary treatment is broadly referred to as the 'activated sludge process' which breaks down the sludge in the wastewater further. Huge aeration tanks into which air is pumped mix the wastewater with the 'seed sludge' enabling the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms which consume the organic residues. Larger particles and residue settle at the bottom of these tanks.
Benefits
After these primary processes, later steps include secondary treatment, bio-solids handling, tertiary treatment, disinfection and sludge treatment. Wastewater treatment provides several benefits such as preventing water pollution, ensuring the environment is clean and free from damage, maximizes usage of natural resource like water, provides an alternate source of water for factory and industrial usage, prevents disease outbreaks and ensures adequate water supply for agriculture and irrigation purposes.
How Air Pollution Is Affecting People in Industrial Areas
No matter what everyone says, the air pollution is still on the rise and is making everyone pay a large price for continuing environmental pollution. Pollution and that too from industries are badly affecting the surroundings in an industrial place. The workers get greatest exposure to the pollutants of pollution. This continuous exposure causes a number of effects - like asthma, abnormal lung de-growth, foetal brain damage, and even onset of diabetes.
Many well-known research academics are claiming that prolong contact with such harmful pollutants can terminally damage children's lungs. Facts also say that premature death of many people in many industrial sectors of the world is because of the air pollutants alone.
The Process of Pollution
So how are these pollutants together affecting the people? Let us find out -
The road traffic around an industrial sector gives rise to nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide from burning fuels behind every vehicle.
How to get rid of them?
Good Habits - Try to shut down the engine as soon as you stuck in traffic. If you keep
How are Children getting affected?
Usually, what happens is that government and private organisations set up universities and colleges in and around industrial areas. However, they don't have the slightest idea that these pollutants basically damage the brains of the kids in school.
The General Public should be Aware
Many developed countries are even struggling their way into making their country free from pollution. This process basically takes a lot of time and more importantly requires participation from the general masses to make it a success.
The particulate matter and the nitrogen oxide from vehicles, along with metal particles from industry foams together deplete the environment and people's health. Sulfur dioxide rises from the burning of fuels and that comes mostly from the power stations. Ozone forms due to a chemical reaction between the traffic, natural and industrial gases, which form after chemical combination under sunlight.
The Way to Fight Industry Pollution
The gases and pollutants are reasons behind heart diseases and type 2-diabetes among adults. The best way to fight this pollution problem is - installation of pollutant filtering industrial parts that can keep a check on a number of pollutants emerge out of the industrial vapors. More and more industries should become more responsible to their environment and workers. They need to understand the worth of lives and need to carry out industrial practices that prevent pollution.
Monday, 7 August 2017
What to Consider Before Hiring Any Water Treatment Company
If you are concerned about the water quality that you regularly use in your home or business, or you need to repair a water treatment system, you need the help of a professional water treatment company. Usually, upon contacting such a company, they will inspect the system in your home or business, identify the fault, suggest a solution and then install a new system or fix the faulty parts.
How to choose a water treatment company?
Before finalizing any company, you need to ensure that they specialize in this type of testing and repairing. Some new companies may not have the technology or tools needed to guarantee that your issue might be solved properly. On the other hand, some companies may offer some incentives in case you work with them, which might be enjoyed by you.
Let us now see what you have to keep in mind before choosing any such companies.
- Decide what services you need
- Whether the company will do a testing
- Whether the company will guarantee quality services
- Whether the company is licensed
- Fix your budget
5 Wastewater Management Techniques You Need to Know About
You probably have heard the term "wastewater management" before, as it is commonly used by environmental enthusiasts and institutions that care about the future of our world. Wastewater treatment is a method used to recycle the wastewater originated from commercial and residential establishments and other sources for human consumption and use.
In short, this method helps reuse polluted water to save our environment from its harmful effects. These days, some new techniques are being used for this purpose by many water treatment plants and some of them have been mentioned below:
1. Electrical current
This technique involves exposing the polluted water to electric current called Electrocoagulation. When the current goes through the waste water, all the contaminants, germs and bacteria in it, no matter if they are in dissolved or non-dissolved forms, get removed properly; thus leaving behind only crystal clear water for reuse. This is comparatively a new process that is innovative, cost-efficient and easy to apply.
2. Reverse osmosis
This treatment process seems effective in recycling harmful water that is full with bacteria and has originated from the industrial waste. In this process, a semi-porous membrane is usually put on top of it to get rid of all the chemicals and molecules present in it. In fact, reverse osmosis is also called membrane filtration process due to the membrane used in it.
3. Natural treatments
Some chemical-free processes may be used for making wastewater reusable in a natural manner, such as lagooning or Phytodepuration. In the Phytodepuration process, the infected water is poured in basins containing aquatic plants. Such plants have enough properties to purify the wastewater in a natural manner. On the other hand, the lagooning method involves pouring wastewater into basins called lagoons where it is purified naturally with different processes.
4. Exchanging ions
This is another new wastewater management technique where the wastewater is purified through exchanging ions between the electrolytes, or between a complex and an electrolyte. The water is purified and the contaminants are removed as soon as the exchange of ions happens.
5. Distillation
Although this is not a new wastewater management technique, it is still considered one of the most effective methods. This process usually involves introducing the contaminated water to a mix of liquids boiled at different temperatures so as to bring about the necessary changes and separate the pollutants from the water; making it reusable for various purposes.
In fact, distillation is applicable for purifying wastewater generated from various sources, including but not limited to agricultural processes, commercial and industrials sectors, households, etc. Although this process involves using chemicals to a great extent, it is still a manual process and so can be deemed natural and environment-friendly.
To conclude, it can be said that wastewater management has now become an integral part of saving our environment for the betterment of us and our future generations as well. So we should take all the necessary steps for keeping our world habitable.
What Are Biomes?
A biome is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in. It is also defined as a large ecosystem, extending over a wide geographic region, characterized by certain dominant life. They can be found over a range of continents and are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to a shared physical climate. Biomes have moved and changed many times throughout the history of the Earth. Biomes are the world's major communities where insects, animals, plants, and people live in a certain type of climate. The climate and geography of an area determines what type of biome can exist in that region. Each biome consists of many ecosystems. The many biomes that exist are deserts, deciduous forest, coniferous forest, arctic tundra, tropical forest, grasslands, and taiga. They are all dependent on each other in numerous ways.
There are also Marine and Freshwater ecosystems that could be considered the water biomes. Both water biomes are extremely important since it contains water. Which water is the basis of all life. The earth's coldest biome is the tundra which has permanently frozen subsoil called permafrost. It's important that all the biomes be protected. The reason why is because over the past several years, human activity has destroyed, exploited, or polluted many biomes.
All living things are closely related to their environment and any change in a part. For example like an increase or decrease in one type of plant or animal. Which can cause a ripple effect of change through the entire biome. Also there are changes that can happen regarding the climate or the environment of a biome, those plants and animals that live within it can be threatened. This is why so many of them are able to adapt to the changes so that they can continue to survive. But unfortunately, not all of them are always able to adapt in such a manner so they die out or extinct. Some examples was ice age period and when dinosaurs.
Biomes are really important since any given plant or animal that depend on the biome for food may have a hard time surviving. The circle of life that is part of any biome is very complex. What affects one living thing within it will affect all of them on some level. To conclude all biomes are environments that consist weather, plants, animals, and etc.
Tuesday, 1 August 2017
Electric vehicles have made some noteworthy progress
Here are five issues to consider and challenges for EVs (electric vehicles) on the off chance that they are to contend in the quantities of fuel produced autos every year:
1). Street Tax Subsidies: In many states Departments of Motor Vehicles give enlistment rebates for EVs, which means other auto proprietors pay more, and a few states note they can't deal with the decrease in incomes, so those tax reductions will soon vanish - again evacuating motivating forces to purchase an EV, when the EV advertise is beginning to take off.
2). Power Costs to Consumers: Consumers are presently being charged more for power because of commands for elective vitality electrical matrix power. Amid dry season times hydro is lessened, and sunlight based homesteads are for the most part put in territories a long way from the real metro clients, which means more transmission lines are taking route into the betray costing billions of dollars + vitality is lost for each mile of transmission. The cost of sun powered is not modest, nor is the cost of wind-vitality. Albeit both are ending up substantially more effective, a number of the beforehand assembled sun based, wind ranches require a not too bad ROI and their expenses were higher than the expenses to manufacture new at this point. Expanded power costs change the esteem and expenses to buyers who charge their autos at home.
3). Electric Car Range: Proponents say that it is enhancing significantly, TRUE. In any case, individuals have companions who have electric autos and have heard that their range is not tantamount to already guaranteed. That client supposition and discernment is a PR issue to overcome for the EV business and will set aside opportunity to turn around, in this manner harming deals for the time being.
4). Absence of Charging Stations: Proponents take note of that Tesla is taking a shot at this issue of EV charging stations - and yes, so they are, beneficial for them, however not every person claims a Tesla or can manage the cost of one. As the value drops would tesla be able to at present offer this? Shouldn't something be said about different purchasers of littler EVs, in light of the fact that on the off chance that we need full-selection individuals require charging stations so they can go on trips, not simply neighborhood driving. EVs constrain purchaser travel decisions, and since these vehicles cost more by and large than normal autos, individuals will keep purchasing what they are utilized to. EV industry should offer a few a huge number of autos a year prior to full selection is accomplished.
5). Time to Charge: Proponents take note of that an opportunity to run after EVS is coming drastically, yes, however again the discernment isn't there in the psyches of the customers yet. Furthermore, not every single electric auto are fabricated similarly nor do they have comparable battery advances enabling them to charge speedier. Being out of juice and waiting to drive your auto is the same as being "trapped" and customers despise the possibility of that.
At this very moment, architects, researchers and industry experts are taking a shot at these things, yet there is far to go, that implies a considerable measure of upside yes, yet at the same time it's a lengthy, difficult experience ahead. It would be ideal if you consider this.
Alternative Energy Uses In The Military
Most governments and corporations are looking at alternative energy strategies to produce power without the use of fossil fuels, all trying to curb their emissions of CO2. But, you'd be surprised that most militaries are also using alternative energy strategies, and it makes sense because a military moves on its fuel and food for its personnel. Anyone that studies military history knows just how critical this is. Not long ago, a technologist interviewed me and asked about alternative energy exploits for war planners. Let's talk.
Daniel asks: "Will we see the use of alternative energies in the military industry?"
Yes, of course. A couple of reasons;
(1) The push for Climate Change is sending lots of research dollars into alternative energy, and the militaries of the world need energy, it takes a lot of energy to run a Navy, Army, or Air Force. Hint: Nuclear Powered Aircraft Carriers and Submarines. As these alternative energy innovations come into fruition and can compete with fossil fuels on cost, we will see much more of them, and;
(2) Consider that. like the radar signature on a stealth aircraft, having a smoke stack smoking up a storm on a large ship -- like the Russian Aircraft Carrier Admiral Kuznetsov (old smokey - quite embarrassing) -- it gives up its position pretty quickly.
Right now, we must realize that oil prices are low and fossil fuels have a lot of energy packed into those little molecules, and that's hard to beat for powerful afterburners. If oil prices go back up, that will be reason number 3.
As far as biofuels go, we are a ways off, and the cost is way too high to justify, but who knows in the future, maybe some brilliant genius will take home a Nobel Prize for figuring it out, that would be a game-changer. When it comes to solar, well, the prices have really come down and the efficiency has really gone up. That along with battery performance -- improving duration, lowering weight, faster re-charging, and lower overall costs due to scaled up production -- we can be assured more use of solar power in militaries across the planet, but only when it makes sense and if it works - remember when it comes to the military it's all about operational readiness, and a foot soldier who has dead batteries, could end up dead.
Hydrogen Fueled military equipment makes a lot of sense, and yes there are technological challenges there too, but those will get worked out in private industry because there are so many potential applications from transportation to home use and beyond.
Still, at the end of the day militaries need what works, and they need it now, if they want to win, political correctness seems quite trivial when you are fighting a war with life and death in the balance, so reality takes front seat. If alternative energies can do it cheaper, more efficient and require less logistics for a moving army, you can bet they will be part of the mix of technologies, count on it.
My Introduction to Permaculture
My first prologue to Permaculture occurred before I even knew there was such a framework. As a young person with a distinct fascination in cultivation, watching neighbors, loved ones expelling trees from their property and stacking them onto (regularly) a few trailer loads and taking them to the tip. At that point inside days seeing a truck convey a heap of bark or woodchips to revive old or make new beds in the crisply trimmed scene. Seeing these conveyance trucks my contemplations backpedaled to the heaps of biomass that went to the tip just days prior that could have effectively been changed over to woodchips.
Presently, with a comprehension of Permaculture and its morals I perceived what I was seeing to be the 3 morals (Earth mind, People Care and Return of Surplus/Fair Share) and in addition a few standards including - "Deliver no waste", "Catch and Store Energy", "Get a Yield", "Utilize and Value Renewable Resources and Services", "Innovatively utilize and Respond to Change".
Maintainability through Permanent Landscapes and Food timberlands is an outline procedure that duplicates the cooperation and connections found in nature. A frameworks way to deal with maintainability that can be used for all parts of human survival from farming to biological working, from using suitable innovation to financial matters, from instruction to vitality creation.
Permaculture takes the concentration off us being customers and puts the accentuation on us being makers. Its a framework that can be connected to a property as little as an overhang cultivate through normal quarter section of land urban home destinations to properties that are actually several sections of land.
In spite of well known conclusion among the individuals who fiddle with Permaculture it is not tied in with Gardening - however cultivating shapes an expansive piece of a gainful framework, it is not about Solar Panels and vitality - however creating, putting away and sparing vitality is a piece of the framework, It is not tied in with Catching, putting away and utilizing water all the more effectively - however the brilliant utilize, stockpiling and stream of water shapes some portion of the framework. Or maybe it is a total frameworks way to deal with reasonable considering.
Despite the fact that my first prologue to Permaculture depended on a comparable outlook without knowing there was such a plan framework, I soon began to peruse about individuals like Bill Mollison - the Tasmanian who began the outline framework, David Holmgren who co-reated the framework with Bill and different understudies of these originators - Geoff Lawton, Rosemary Morrow, et al.
It was a light globe minute finding how every one of these individuals were contemplating similar techniques, a similar rationale of manageability that I was. I wasn't going frantic all things considered. My musings were at that point being tried by a gathering of magnificent individuals - Permaculture was not just conceived - It was discreetly practically speaking appropriate far and wide.
Eric J. Smith is a qualified Horticulturalist and Permaculturalist. Eric expounds on his enthusiasm for some ranges of Environmental concern and brings into center Changing Economic standards. Eric has an energy for Organic Gardening and Permanent palatable scenes with an accentuation on the maintainable utilization of natural frameworks.
Presently, with a comprehension of Permaculture and its morals I perceived what I was seeing to be the 3 morals (Earth mind, People Care and Return of Surplus/Fair Share) and in addition a few standards including - "Deliver no waste", "Catch and Store Energy", "Get a Yield", "Utilize and Value Renewable Resources and Services", "Innovatively utilize and Respond to Change".
Maintainability through Permanent Landscapes and Food timberlands is an outline procedure that duplicates the cooperation and connections found in nature. A frameworks way to deal with maintainability that can be used for all parts of human survival from farming to biological working, from using suitable innovation to financial matters, from instruction to vitality creation.
Permaculture takes the concentration off us being customers and puts the accentuation on us being makers. Its a framework that can be connected to a property as little as an overhang cultivate through normal quarter section of land urban home destinations to properties that are actually several sections of land.
In spite of well known conclusion among the individuals who fiddle with Permaculture it is not tied in with Gardening - however cultivating shapes an expansive piece of a gainful framework, it is not about Solar Panels and vitality - however creating, putting away and sparing vitality is a piece of the framework, It is not tied in with Catching, putting away and utilizing water all the more effectively - however the brilliant utilize, stockpiling and stream of water shapes some portion of the framework. Or maybe it is a total frameworks way to deal with reasonable considering.
Despite the fact that my first prologue to Permaculture depended on a comparable outlook without knowing there was such a plan framework, I soon began to peruse about individuals like Bill Mollison - the Tasmanian who began the outline framework, David Holmgren who co-reated the framework with Bill and different understudies of these originators - Geoff Lawton, Rosemary Morrow, et al.
It was a light globe minute finding how every one of these individuals were contemplating similar techniques, a similar rationale of manageability that I was. I wasn't going frantic all things considered. My musings were at that point being tried by a gathering of magnificent individuals - Permaculture was not just conceived - It was discreetly practically speaking appropriate far and wide.
Eric J. Smith is a qualified Horticulturalist and Permaculturalist. Eric expounds on his enthusiasm for some ranges of Environmental concern and brings into center Changing Economic standards. Eric has an energy for Organic Gardening and Permanent palatable scenes with an accentuation on the maintainable utilization of natural frameworks.
Reasons Why The Global Environmental Challenges Call for International Collaboration Among Scholars
The environment is the haven for human life. Its wanton degradation in this age calls for the most urgent attention by scholars from all fields. Many environmentalists and enthusiasts for the conservation of biodiversity like myself believe that designing effective strategies to arrest this canker of deleterious attitudes and activities of people requires a pluralistic and multidisciplinary approach.
Relying solidly on a truncated approach to only science and technology for solutions to the global environmental menace cannot yield the most benefits. This is largely due to the multi-faceted nature of the global environmental challenges which call for a good collaboration between the various academic disciplines.
To illustrate, the world needs economic and mathematical insights from economists and mathematicians on how to effectively manage the biodiversity resources, setting the right measure between usage and conservation (sustainability). The scientists, engineers, and technocrats must come out with new technologies such as biomimetics and other biotechnological approaches to sustain the endangered species in our environment. Artists must beef up the sensitization campaigns through their well-designed communication design tools. Anthropologists and culturists and religionists must strategize on how to change the weak and/or bad behavioral attitudes of people by picking powerful lessons from their cultures (norms, religious beliefs, values, ethics, by-laws) to appealing to their morals and influence them to engage in environmental friendly activities, protecting nature which humans serve as trustees or stewards. The historians must help us trace what went wrong in nibbing the global environmental situation in the mud. This would reliably inform us what went wrong and how we can change the wrong decisions humans made in the past, so that the past would not continue to haunt us. The agriculturists must strategize and inform us on improved agricultural practices that would not worsen the global environmental situation, but rather nourish the soil, save habitats and improve the growth of the plant species in the environment. The foresters, conservationists and wildlife specialists must show us practically the measures to mitigate the abuse of the biodiversity in the environment. The law experts must strategize how to set stringent laws which, when implemented, would be strong enough to prevent culprits of environmental malfeasance to change their attitude while serving as a powerful deterrent for others not to tread their foul steps.
The law enforcers, military professionals, and police personnel must ensure that the environmental laws, rules, and regulations are working to beef up the implementation processes of the environmental policies, strategies, and conventions that are promulgated.
The inputs of each field of human endeavor, some of which are not mentioned here, but would play equally significant roles to arrest the global environmental challenges collectively can yield the most beneficial results to save the environment, our home and the hope of survival for the human generations. Arguably, the global environmental condition calls for international collaboration between scholars from diverse fields of study if there would be any hope of furnishing a powerful weapon to rid of the sad condition of the global environment.
The Hot Climate
The impact of Latitude on atmosphere of a place is of prime significance. The more we move towards the posts, the cooler it gets.
As indicated by Latitude three are essentially three kind of Climates:
The Hot Climate
This atmosphere is discovered 23.5 degrees north and south of Equator. The climate stays hot consistently and the coolest month is more than 64 F. The summers are outstandingly hot and the greater part of the world's real forsakes are available in this climatic zone. The precipitation is subject to the kind of the breeze winning at one point of time. For example the tropical zones which are affected by storm, get an obvious measure of rain while alternate zones where rainstorm does not reach, go totally dry.
The Cool Climate
These are by and large found at 40 - 60 degrees North and South of equator. The most blazing month does not surpass 70 F and the coolest month records a temperature of around 40 F. This area incorporates the vast majority of Europe, Central Asia, Northern and Central China, The Northern and Central United States and the South of Australia.
The precipitation is direct and add up to yearly precipitation is by and large 20 crawls to 40 inches. The territory influenced by the North Atlantic float are wetter than different zones. Likewise the North East United states is substantially wetter than different ranges of the zone. A few regions are blessed to the point that they get adequate precipitation both in summer and winter like New South Wales of Australia of which the city of Sydney is the run of the mill illustration.
The chilly atmosphere
This atmosphere is found past 60 degrees north and south of equator. The most blazing month does not surpass 50 F and the coldest month can be a few degrees beneath zero. The North of Canada and Russia are the primary regions under this zone. The more northern ranges remain snow bound consistently.
The precipitation relies on the area however for the most part is under 10 inches. The exceptionally cool atmosphere is not helpful for the plant development and huge zones in this zone are only prairie in summer and a sheet of snow in winter. The serious icy breeze blowing more often than not build the breeze chill factor making the climate unendurable.
So, Latitude decides, to a more prominent degree, the atmosphere not out of the ordinary at a specific place and is of prime significance for some climate examines.
As indicated by Latitude three are essentially three kind of Climates:
This atmosphere is discovered 23.5 degrees north and south of Equator. The climate stays hot consistently and the coolest month is more than 64 F. The summers are outstandingly hot and the greater part of the world's real forsakes are available in this climatic zone. The precipitation is subject to the kind of the breeze winning at one point of time. For example the tropical zones which are affected by storm, get an obvious measure of rain while alternate zones where rainstorm does not reach, go totally dry.
The Cool Climate
These are by and large found at 40 - 60 degrees North and South of equator. The most blazing month does not surpass 70 F and the coolest month records a temperature of around 40 F. This area incorporates the vast majority of Europe, Central Asia, Northern and Central China, The Northern and Central United States and the South of Australia.
The precipitation is direct and add up to yearly precipitation is by and large 20 crawls to 40 inches. The territory influenced by the North Atlantic float are wetter than different zones. Likewise the North East United states is substantially wetter than different ranges of the zone. A few regions are blessed to the point that they get adequate precipitation both in summer and winter like New South Wales of Australia of which the city of Sydney is the run of the mill illustration.
The chilly atmosphere
This atmosphere is found past 60 degrees north and south of equator. The most blazing month does not surpass 50 F and the coldest month can be a few degrees beneath zero. The North of Canada and Russia are the primary regions under this zone. The more northern ranges remain snow bound consistently.
The precipitation relies on the area however for the most part is under 10 inches. The exceptionally cool atmosphere is not helpful for the plant development and huge zones in this zone are only prairie in summer and a sheet of snow in winter. The serious icy breeze blowing more often than not build the breeze chill factor making the climate unendurable.
So, Latitude decides, to a more prominent degree, the atmosphere not out of the ordinary at a specific place and is of prime significance for some climate examines.
Thursday, 1 September 2016
HOW WALK MAKES HEALTHY AND FIT
Walking makes us healthy. It maintains and improve our health. Walking can be done any time in a day and it requires less or no equipment. A study conducted in 2007 about inactive women depicts that even 75 minutes walk per week makes the person fit as compared to non exercising groups. Walking is a great form of physical activity for the people who are overweight, elder and who have not walked for long time.
HEALTH BENEFITS FROM WALKING
The benefits gained from walking are as follows:
- increased cardiovascular and pulmonary fitness
- strong bones, improve balance
- increase muscles strength
- reduce body fat
- improved management of conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, high muscular pain
- walking makes you happy
- walking boosts vitamin D
- It prevents dementia
- It tones up legs, bums and tums
- It gives us energy
Different studies show that regular exercise lowers the risks to certain cancers such as breast and colon cancers.
PEDOMETER USE
A pedometer is used to measure that how much steps a person walks. A person should wear it while walking. It motivates the people to do more walk and do better than before.
WALKING TIME
Walking for 30 minutes is beneficial for health. Moderate walking poses the little risks to health but patients must consult with doctor before initiating any new program of health exercise. It is difficult to walk for continuous 30 minutes. but to make it a habit you can start with dividing them into three sessions each of 10 minutes in day. Gradually it becomes a habit. In case for the purpose to lose the weight exercise must be done for more than 30 minutes in a day but here also the habit is built gradually by starting the walk for less time than increasing the time.
To build the walking routine some suggestions are as follows:
- Walk to shops rather than by drive
- Walk the dog
- Get off local transport and walk to home or office
- Take the stairs instead of lift
Tuesday, 26 July 2016
GROUND WATER SOURCES GENERAL REMARKS
It is brought on the surface for use. The following points need to be taken into account regarding underground sources:
a) AQUIFERS
The surface of each aquifers is composed of alternate pervious and impervious layers. Pervious strata are those strata through which water can easily pass while impervious strata are those through which water cannot pass.
The pervious layers are named as aquifers or water holding strata. Aquifers have sand or gravel layer that provides the good quality water. The aquifers that are made of limestone layer gives good quantity of water supply and cracks or fissures are present there.
b) MOVEMENT OF GROUNDWATER
The movement of underground water is through gravity and attraction of molecules of surface tension.
c) POROSITY
The porosity is defined as the ratio of volume of pores or openings of material to the volume of total volume of material. Porosity is measured in percentage.
P= V1/V2×100
P= Porosity of soil
V1= Volume of openings of material
V2= Total Volume of material
Name of Rock or Soil Porosity in %
Clay 44-47
Chalk 14-15
Limestone 0.5-17
Sand and Gravel 35-40
Sandstone 4-30
Compacted Sand and Gravel 25-30
Top Soils 37-65
d) QUALITY OF WATER
The process of natural filtration occurs when rainfall occurs and rain water percolates through the ground.That's why underground water is free from impurities.Some quantity of bacteria are also present in water. that protect the water from contamination. The groundwater contains different salts depending upon the type of strata and length of underground water flow. The minerals present in underground water are manganese, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium and iron.
Rocky strata give more or less pure water.
water with clayey soil have high turbidity.
Aquifers made of limestone provides long passage of underground water.
e) WATER TABLE
The upper top soil at ground level is pervious and the rain water is percolated through this pervious layer and gathered here.This upper surface of free water is called as Water table of groundwater table.
Water table level changes. It increases in the wet season and falls down in dry season.
